G-3230

Prevalence, Risk Factors, Microbial Agents, and Maternal-Neonatal Outcomes of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study in Birjand, Iran

 Seyyedeh Negar Hosseini ¹, Ahmad Bavali Gazik ¹ ℗, Hossein Ghayour ¹, Mohammad NajafiSemnani ² ©   

 
Abstract

Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common during pregnancy and, if left untreated, may lead to serious maternal and fetal complications, including preterm labor, preeclampsia, and pyelonephritis. While treatment is not routinely recommended in non-pregnant individuals, it is essential during pregnancy. Therefore, timely screening and management play a crucial role in preventing adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, microbial etiology, and maternal-neonatal outcomes associated with ASB in pregnant women. Methods and Materials: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 among pregnant women attending the Valiasr Hospital outpatient clinic in Birjand. Eligible participants were enrolled through census sampling and followed until delivery and postpartum discharge. Data were collected using standardized checklists and medical records, including demographic, clinical, maternal, and neonatal variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and non-parametric equivalents were used as appropriate, with significance set at p 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ASB was 7.4% (n=12), with Escherichia coli identified as the most common pathogen. No statistically significant differences were observed between ASB-positive and ASB-negative groups regarding most maternal, neonatal, and demographic factors (p 0.05). However, a significant association was found between ASB and gestational diabetes (p = 0.048). Quantitative variables such as gestational age, interpregnancy interval, and age at delivery showed no significant differences. Conclusion and Discussion: This study highlights a 7.4% prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women, with E. coli as the predominant organism. Gestational diabetes emerged as the only significant risk factor. Given the potential complications for both mother and fetus, routine screening—particularly in high-risk populations—is strongly recommended. Additionally, the implementation of clear national guidelines for the detection and management of ASB during pregnancy is essential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Keywords: Asymptomatic bacteriuria, Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy, Maternal health, Neonatal