G-3166

2025-10-19 19:12

Written by ARCIMS 26 ARCIMS 26 in Sunday 2025-10-19 19:12

Investigation of the mechanical and biological properties of synthetic gelatincarboxy methyl cellulose scaffold containing rosemary extract and carbon nanotubes for oral wounds

 Arshia Ali Abadi 1, Amirmohammad Roldar 1, Mohammad Mokhtarifar 2, Sajad Alavimanesh 3 ℗, Azita Azad 4 ©   

 Dentist and Oral medicine resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

 Dentist, Dentistry Department, Sums, Shiraz, Iran

 Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

 Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Email: sajjadalavimanesh2019@gmail.com
 

 


 
Abstract

Introduction: Oral ulcers are common mucosal injuries that typically heal spontaneously but may require intervention in chronic or recurrent cases. In recent years, tissue engineering approaches using biomaterial scaffolds have shown promising outcomes in accelerating oral mucosal wound healing. The development of biocompatible, mechanically stable, and bioactive scaffolds is therefore critical for advancing regenerative strategies. This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) scaffold incorporating rosemary extract and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve oral mucosal tissue regeneration. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, gelatin-CMC scaffolds containing rosemary extract and CNTs were synthesized via electrospinning and cross-linked using glutaraldehyde vapor. Surface morphology and porosity were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break, were evaluated with a universal testing machine (Instron 5566). Scaffold degradation was monitored over 21 days by measuring weight loss in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Water uptake and contact angle analyses were performed to evaluate hydrophilicity. Biocompatibility was assessed using MTT assays on dental pulp stem cells cultured on the scaffolds for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9, with significance defined as p 0.05. This study was approved by the National Research Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR.SUMS.REC.1401.503). Results: SEM analysis revealed fiber-like, interconnected porous structures with 70% porosity, favoring cell migration and nutrient exchange. Mechanical analysis showed superior performance of gelatin-CMC scaffolds in ultimate tensile strength (0.64 ± 0.06 MPa) and elongation at break (42 ± 3.1%) compared to collagen controls (0.2 ± 0.07 MPa and 8 ± 2.5%, respectively, p0.05). Scaffold degradation analysis demonstrated a slower degradation profile in gelatin-CMC scaffolds (10%) relative to collagen (20%) over 21 days (p0.05). Water uptake was significantly lower in the gelatin-CMC group (p0.01), consistent with contact angle measurements (75° for gelatin-CMC vs. 90° for collagen, p0.05). MTT assays showed 90% cell viability across all time points without significant differences, confirming scaffold biocompatibility. Discussion and Conclusion: The novel gelatin-CMC scaffold enriched with rosemary extract and CNTs demonstrated optimal porosity, enhanced mechanical properties, controlled degradation, and excellent biocompatibility. The inclusion of CNTs improved mechanical strength, while rosemary extract may contribute additional therapeutic benefits. Collectively, these properties suggest that this composite scaffold is a strong candidate for promoting healing in oral mucosal wounds.


Keywords: Tissue engineering; Gelatin; Carboxymethyl cellulose; Rosemary extract; Oral wounds

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