G-1898

Whole and Refined Grain Consumption in Relation to Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography in Yazd

 Narges Fatehi-Firouzabadi ¹ ℗, Kimia Rostampour ¹, Amin Salehi-Abargouei ² ©   

 
Abstract

Introduction: The association between sleep quality and health status has been repeatedly confirmed in research. Consequently, identifying modifiable factors like dietary intake that affect sleep quality may contribute to improved health outcomes and reduced risk of chronic diseases. Several studies have reported potential associations between the intake of complex carbohydrates - as part of a healthy diet - and sleep quality indicators. However, additional evidence is needed to accumulate sufficient data for definitive conclusions through systematic investigations. In the Iranian diet, grains (particularly bread and rice) serve as staple foods, constituting the predominant source of daily caloric intake. Notably, the beneficial role of whole grains in sustainable nutrition has been well-established. Therefore, this study aims to comparatively investigate the associations between whole grain consumption, refined grain consumption, and sleep quality. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study included 653 patients (aged 35–75 years), referred to Afshar Hospital in Yazd, Iran, for coronary angiography. Dietary intake data were collected using a 182-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which evaluates seven sleep components and calculates a total sleep quality score. Statistical analyses were performed using binary logistic regression. To control for potential confounders, the fully adjusted model included the following covariates: age, sex, total energy intake, socioeconomic status, education level, occupation, marital status, mental health status, SYNTAX score, physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), diabetes status, smoking status, illicit drug use, and caffeine intake. Results: No significant association was found between whole grain consumption and overall sleep quality in either crude or adjusted models. Additionally, no association was observed between whole grain intake and sleep components after accounting for potential confounders. Regarding refined grain intake, a significant association with sleep latency was found in the crude model (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.95, P-trend = 0.03). However, this association became non-significant after full adjustment for confounding variables. No significant associations were found between refined grain consumption and total sleep quality or other sleep components in adjusted models. Conclusion and Discussion: Although the health benefits of whole grain consumption are well-established, our findings revealed no significant association between either whole or refined grain intake and sleep quality parameters. Future studies investigating different populations may provide valuable complementary data.

Keywords: Whole grain; Refined grain; Sleep quality; Angiography